Designing temporal networks that synchronize under resource constraints

Abstract Being fundamentally a non-equilibrium process, synchronization comes with unavoidable energy costs and has to be maintained under the constraint of limited resources. Such resource constraints are often reflected as finite coupling budget available in network facilitate interaction communication. Here, we show that introducing temporal variation structure can lead efficient even when stable synchrony is impossible any static given budget, thereby demonstrating fundamental advantage networks. The networks generated by our open-loop design versatile sense promoting for systems vastly different dynamics, including periodic chaotic dynamics both discrete-time continuous-time models. Furthermore, link dynamic stabilization effect changing topology curvature master stability function, which provides analytical insights into on general. In particular, results shed light switching rate explain why certain synchronize only intermediate rate.